Riferimenti Normativi – Modulo Jean Monnet "Diritto dell'Integrazione culturale"

Legal references

Legal references are in the original language or in English (if official version)

International law

— Universal Declaration of Human Rights at: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

— Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 at: https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf

— Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1959 at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Education/Training/Compilation/Pages/1DeclarationoftheRightsoftheChild(1959).aspx

— Convention Concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in Respect of the Protection of Infants of 1961 at:

https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=39

— The European Social Charter adopted in Turin on October 18, 1961, has been in force since 1965. Together with its modified version

known as the Revised European Social Charter at:

https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048b059

— Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 available at:

https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx

— General Comment No. 6 of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child available at: https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC6.pdf

— General Comment no. 14 of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: https://undocs.org/en/CRC/C/GC/14

— The UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, drawn up in Geneva on 28 July 1951, together with the New York Protocol of

1967 at: https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html

— European Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions Concering Custody of Children and on Restoration of Custody of

Children, done at Luxembourg on 20 May 1980 at: https://rm.coe.int/1680078b09

— Convention of 19 October 1996 on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children sorts out roles between countries to take care of unaccompanied children: https://assets.hcch.net/docs/f16ebd3d-f398-4891-bf47-110866e171d4.pdf

— European Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights, done at Strasbourg on 25 January 1996 at: https://rm.coe.int/168007cdaf

— The Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children, done at The Hague on 19.10.1996 at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A22003A0221%2801%29

— Guidelines on Child friendly Justice of the Council of Europe: ensuring that minors have certain rights when they come into contact with

legal proceedings available at: https://rm.coe.int/16804b2cf3

Case Law

European Court of Human Rights:

— ECHR Kudla v Poland 26 October 2000 30210/96 at: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre?i=001-58920

— ECHR 21 January 2011 M.S.S. v Belgium and Greece 30696/09, para. 219 at: https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4d39bc7f2.html

— ECHR 4 November 2014 Tarakhel v Switzerland 29217/12, at:

https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,5458abfd4.html

— ECHR 21 January 2011 M.S.S. v Belgium and Greece 30696/09, at:

https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4d39bc7f2.html

— ECHR, Khan v. France, 28.02.19, req. nÅã 12267 at:

https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2212267/16%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22GRANDCHAMBER%22,%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-191587%22]}

European Union law

— The Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=PL

— The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=PL

— Council Resolution of 26 June 1997 on unaccompanied minors who are nationals of third countries:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31997Y0719(02)&from=EN

— Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32001L0055&from=EN

— Council Directive 2003/86/CE of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0086&from=IT

— Council Directive 2004/83/EC of 29 April 2004 on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32004L0083&from=IT

— Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0115&from=EN

— Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0036&from=IT

— Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0095&from=EN

— Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection (recast): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013L0032&from=en

— Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of a applicants for international protection (recast): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033&from=EN

— Regulation (EU) no. 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person (recast):

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013R0604&from=EN

— Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code) at:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0399&from=PL (EN)

Case Law

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU):

— C-441/19, TQ v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, at: https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECJ,600558c44.html

— C-550/16, A and S, at: https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECJ,5bbb871f4.html

International soft law

— UNHCR, Guidelines on Policies and Procedures in dealing with Unaccompanied Children Seeking Asylum, febbraio 1997,

https://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/3d4f91cf4/guidelines-policies-procedures-dealing-unaccompanied-children-seeking-asylum.html

— Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe

on child-friendly justice at: https://rm.coe.int/16804b2cf3

— Guidance on reception conditions for unaccompanied children: operational standards and indicators available at:

https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/Guidance-on%20reception-%20conditions-%20for-unaccompanied-children.pdf

— EASO Practical guide on Age Assessment, 2nd Edition, 2018, at:

https://www.easo.europa.eu/publications/easo-practical-guide-ageassessment-second-edition

— EU Guidelines on the Promotion and protection of the rights of the

child at:

https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/sites/default/files/eu_guidelines_rights_of_child_0.pdf

— UNHCR, Guidelines on determining the best interests of the child, 2008, at: https://www.unhcr.org/protection/children/4566b16b2/unhcr-guidelines-determining-best-interests-child.html

— Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, 24 febbraio 2010, at:

https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c3acd162.html

— Recommendation CM/REC(2019)11 of the committee of ministers to member states on effective guardianship for unaccompanied and separated children in the context of migration in: https://rm.coe.int/cm-rec-2019-11-guardianship-en/16809ccfe2

— Resolution 1810 (2011), Unaccompanied children in Europe: issues of arrival, stay and return, at:

https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=17991&lang=en

Czech Republic
Laws
— Act No. 359/1999 Coll. on the Social and Legal Protection of Children. Z.kon č. 359/1999 Sb. o soci.lně-pr.vn. ochraně dět.. In English
available at: https://kidsempowerment.org/act-no-359-1999-collof-9-december-1999-on-the-social-and-legal-protection-of-children
(unofficial translation from 2012). The actual text of the law in Czech available at: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1999-359
— Act No 325/1999 Coll., on Asylum. Z.kon č. 325/1999 Sb, o azylu. In English available at: https://www.mvcr.cz/mvcren/file/asylumact .
aspx (translation from 2016). The actual text of the law in Czech available: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1999-325
— Act No. 326/1999 Coll. on the Residence of Foreign Nationals in the Czech Republic. Z.kon č. 326/1999 Sb., o pobytu cizinců na
.zem. ČR. The actual text of the law in Czech available: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1999-326
— Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Usnesen. předsednictva Česk. n.rodn. rady o vyhl.šen. Listiny z.kladn.ch pr.v a svobod č.
2/1993 Sb. In English available at: https://www.psp.cz/en/docs/laws/listina.html. The actual text of the law in Czech available: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1993-2
— Act. No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. Z.kon č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský z.kon.k. In English available at: http://obcanskyzakonik.justice.cz/images/pdf/Civil-Code.pdf (translation from 2014). The actual text of the law in Czech available at: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2012-89
— Act No. 292/2013 Coll, on Special Judicial Proceedings. Z.kon č. 292/2013 Sb., z.kon o zvl.štn.ch ř.zen.ch soudn.ch. The actual
text of the law in Czech available at: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2013-292
— Act No. 99/1963 Coll., Civil Procedure Code. Z.kon č. 99/1963 Sb., občanský soudn. ř.d. The actual text of the law in Czech available at:
https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1963-99
— Act. No. 90/2012 Coll. Act Governing Private International Law. Z.kon č. 90/2012 Sb., o mezin.rodn.m pr.vu soukrom.m a procesn.m.
In English available at: http://obcanskyzakonik.justice.cz/images/pdf/Act-Governing-Private-International-Law.pdf (translation
from 2014). The actual text of the law in Czech available at: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2012-91
— Act No 273/2008 Coll. on Police. Z.kon č. 273/2008 Sb. o Policii Česk. republiky. The actual text of the law in Czech available at:
https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2008-273
— Act No. 561/2004 Coll., Education Act. Z.kon č. 561/2004 Sb., školský z.kon. The actual text of the law in Czech available at: https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2004-561

Denmark
Laws
— Consolidated version of the Aliens Act, Lovbekendtgørelse om Udlændingeloven nr. 1513 af 22.10.2020 English version available at: https://uim.dk/filer/indrejse-og-ophold/udlaendingeloven-engelsk-version.pdf (2019-version)
— Act on amendment of Aliens Act and Integration Act (revision of the rules on unaccompanied minors, ect.), Lov nr. 1543 af 21.12.2010
om ændring af udlændingeloven og integrationsloven (Revision af reglerne om uledsagede mindreårige udlændinge m.v.) Danish version available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2010/1543
— Executive order on foreigners’ entry to Denmark, Bekendtgørelse om Udlændinges adgang til landet, Bekendtgørelse nr. 2260 af 29.12.2020. Danish version available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2020/2260
— Executive order on lawyer’s appointment for unaccompanied foreign minors, Bekendtgørelse nr. 448 af 27.04.2010 om beskikkelse af advokat til uledsagede mindreårige asylansøgere Danish version available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/api/pdf/131641
— Guidance on case handling of representative for unaccompanied foreign minors, Vejledning nr. 9259 af 20.03.2019 om behandling af sager om repræsentanter for uledsagede mindreårige udlændinge Danish version available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/retsinfo/2019/9259

Estonia
Laws
(the website provides the English version):
— Lastekaitseseadus [Child Protection Act]. – 19.11.2014. – RT I, 06.12.2014, 1; 12.12.2018, 49 Available at: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/112122018049 (in Estonian).
— Perekonnaseadus [Family Law Act]. – 18.11.2009. – RT I 2009, 60,395; 27.10.2020, 15. Available at: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/127102020015 (in Estonian).
— Sotsiaalhoolekande seadus [Social Welfare Act]. – 09.12.2015. – RTI 30.12.2015, 5; 21.04.2020, 39. Available at: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/121042020039 (in Estonian).
— V.lismaalasele rahvusvahelise kaitse andmise seadus1[Act on Granting International Protection to Aliens]. – 14.12.2005. – RT I 2006, 2, 3; 17.06.2020, 4. Available at: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/117062020004 (in Estonian).
— V.ljas.idukohustuse ja sisses.idukeelu seadus1 [Obligation to Leave and Prohibition on Entry Act1]. – 21.10.1998. – RT I 1998, 98, 1575; 17.06.2020, 3. Available at: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/117062020003 (in Estonian).
Recommendations
— Estonian Migration Foundation European Migration Network. Unaccompanied Minors in Estonia. Tallinn, May 2019, p. 19. Available
at: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-wedo/networks/european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/unaccompanied-minors/06.estonia_national_report_on_unaccompaniedminors_final_version_29may09_en.pdf
— Reps, Mailis. Unaccompanied children in Europe: issues of arrival, stay and return. Report. Committee on Migration, Refugeesand Population. 21.03.2011 available at: https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4d8b1e002.pdf
— Sisserndajatest saatjata alaealiste vastuv.tmine [Admission of Unaccompanied Minor Alien]. Opinion of Chancellor of Justice. 22.08.2017 available at: https://www.oiguskantsler.ee/sites/default/files/field_document2/Sisser%C3%A4ndajatest%20saatjata%20alaealiste%20vastuv%C3%B5tmine.pdf (in Estonian)

Italy
Laws
— Constitution (see artt. 2, 3, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34) http://www.governo.it/it/costituzione-italiana/principi-fondamentali/2839
— Civil code (see Title IX on parental responsibility and the rights and duties of the child, Title X on guardianship and emancipation, Title XI on affiliation and custody): https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/dettaglio/codici/codiceCivile
— Law 4 May 1983 n. 184 as amended by the law of 28 March 2001, n. 149 (on the adoption and foster care)
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1983/05/17/083U0184/sg
Immigration law
— Law 30 Dicember 1986 n. 943 https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1987/01/12/086U0943/sg
— Law 28 February 1990 n. 39 https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1990/02/28/090G0075/sg
— Decree-law 26 April 1993, n. 122, coordinated with the conversion law of 25 June 1993, n. 205, bearing: “Urgent measures regarding racial,
ethnic and religious discrimination: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originarioatto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1993-06-26&atto.codiceRedazionale=093A3644&elenco30giorni=false
— Law 29 December 1995, n. 563
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1995/12/30/095G0603/sg
— Consolidated text of the provisions concerning immigration regulations and regulations on the condition of foreigners – Legislative Decree
25 July 1998 n. 286
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1998/08/18/098G0348/sg
— Decree of the President of the Republic 31 August 1999 n. 394
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/1999/11/03/099G0265/sg
— Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers 9 December 1999 n. 535
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglio-Atto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2000-01-25&atto.codiceRedazionale=000G0029&elenco30giorni=false
— Law 30 July 2002 n. 189 https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2002/08/26/002G0219/sg
— Legislative Decree 30 May 2005 n. 140 https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglio-Atto/originarioatto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2005-07-21&atto.codiceRedazionale=005G0166&elenco30giorni=false
— Legislative Decree 19 November 2007 n. 251
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2008/01/04/007G0259/sg
— Legislative Decree 28 January 2008 n. 25
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglio-Atto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2008-02-16&atto.codiceRedazionale=008G0044&elenco30giorni=false
— Law 24 July 2008 n. 125
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2008/07/25/008G0149/sg
— Legislative Decree 3 October 2008 N. 160
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/gunewsletter/dettaglio.jsp?service=1&datagu=2008-10-21&task=dettaglio&numgu=247&redaz=008G0182&tmstp=1224658010853
— Legislative Decree 18 August 2015 n. 142
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2015/09/15/15G00158/sg
— Decree-Law 17 February 2017, N. 13
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/02/17/17G00026/sg
— Law 13 April 2017, n. 46
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/04/18/17G00059/sg
— Law 7 April 2017 n. 47 (Zampa Law)
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/04/21/17G00062/sg
— Decree-Law 4 October 2018, n. 113
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2018/10/04/18G00140/sg
— Law 1 December 2018, n. 132
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2018/12/03/18G00161/sg
— DECREE-LAW 14 June 2019, n. 53
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2019/06/14/19G00063/sg
— Law 8 August 2019, n. 77
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2019/08/09/19G00089/sg
— Decree of the Minister of the Interior 1 September 2016 “Establishment of government reception centers dedicated to unaccompanied
foreign minors”
https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2016/09/08/16A06605/sg
Educational Law
— Minister Decree 5 September 2014 n. 718
https://www.istruzione.it/allegati/2014/decreto_intercultura.pdf
— Minister Decree 31 August 2017, n. 643
https://www.camera.it/temiap/2018/05/31/OCD177-3583.pdf
— Minister Decree 20 September 2017, n. 685
https://www.camera.it/temiap/2018/05/31/OCD177-3584.pdf
Soft Law
— Protocol for the identification and multidisciplinary holistic assessment of the age of unaccompanied minors “of the Conference of Regions
and Autonomous Provinces of March 3, 2016
https://www.minori.gov.it/sites/default/files/protocollo_identificazione_msna.pdf
— Opinion of the Superior Health Council “Age assessment of unaccompanied minors 2009
http://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Parere-Consiglio-Superiore-Sanit%C3%A0.pdf
— Memorandum for the identification of self-styled minors promoted by the Public Prosecutor’s Office at the Juvenile Court of Piemonte
and Valle d’Aosta, 2014
http://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Protocollo-Procura.pdf
— Memorandum of understanding for ascertaining the age of unaccompanied migrant minors of the Municipality of Naples in the context
of civil and criminal proceedings, 2013
http://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/protocollo-di-intesa-per-accertamento-dell-et%C3%A0-FIRMATO.pdf
— Proposal of protocol on age assessment presented by ASGI to the inter-institutional table of the NOMIS project, 2014
http://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Proposta-di-protocollo-sullaccertamento-dellet%C3%A0_Tavolo-interistituzionale-
NOMIS.pdf
— Protocol in use at the Juvenile Court of Milan on 11 February 2020
https://www.procmin.milano.giustizia.it/it/News/Detail/173881
— Multidisciplinary protocol for determining the age of unaccompanied foreign minors, 2020
http://www.statoregioni.it/media/2751/p3-cu-atto-rep-n-73-9lug2020.pdf
— Guidelines for the reception and integration of foreign students
https://www.istruzione.it/allegati/2014/linee_guida_integrazione_alunni_stranieri.pdf
— Guidelines for the right to study of minors outside the family of origin drawn up by the Minister of Education, University and Research with the National Guarantor for Childhood and Adolescence
https://www.miur.gov.it/documents/20182/2223566/linee_guida_per_il_diritto_allo_studio_delle_alunne_e_degli_alunni_fuori_dalla_famigliadi_origine.pdf/55f8d934-a413-485f-20bc-9efbd2cb93b2?t=1564667202328
— Good practices for the reception and social integration of unaccompanied foreign minors of 23 January 2018
http://www.prefettura.it/FILES/AllegatiPag/1146/Protocollo_Buone_Prassi_MSNA24012018_0001.pdf
— Guidelines for the reception in residential services for minors, approved at the Unified Conference on 14 December 2017, by the Ministry of Labor and Social Policies, by the Ministry of Justice – Department for Juvenile and Community Justice, by the Conference of Regions and the Autonomous Provinces, by the National Association of Italian Municipalities, by the Guarantor Authority for Children and Adolescents, and by experts indicated by the Ministry
https://www.lavoro.gov.it/temi-e-priorita/infanzia-e-adolescenza/focus-on/minorenni-fuori-famiglia/Documents/Linee-guida-accoglienza-minorenni.pdf
Case Law
— Constitutional Court, 29 November 2018, n. 218 https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/actionSchedaPronuncia.do?anno=2018&numero=

Netherlands
Laws
— Aliens Act Vreemdelingenwet. Retrieved April 2017 from:
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0011823/2017-01-01
— Aliens Circular Vreemdelingencirculaire. Retrieved April 2017 from: http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0012287/2017-04-01; http://
wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0012289/2017-04-01; http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0012288/2017-03-29
— Aliens Decree Vreemdelingenbesluit. Retrieved April 2017 from: http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0011825/2017-01-01
— Aliens Regulation Vreemdelingenvoorschrift. Retrieved April 2017 from: http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0012002/2017-04-05
— Civil Code (CC) [Burgerlijk Wetboek]. Retrieved September 2017 from: http://www.dutchcivillaw.com/civilcodebook01.htm
— Youth Act Jeugdwet. Retrieved April 2017 from: http://wetten.overheid.nl/jci1.3:c:BWBR0034925&z=2016-08-01&g=2016-08-01
— Youth Act Decree Besluit Jeugdwet. Retrieved April 2017 from: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0035779/2020-10-01
— Dutch Civil Code http://www.wetboek-online.nl/site/home.html
— Statement of the Council for Child Protection: ‘The Council for Child Protection in migration law’, 13 September 2018 Available (in Dutch) at: https://www.kinderbescherming.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/09/13/de-raad-voor-de-kinderbescherming-in-het-vreemdelingenrecht
— Parliamentarian Documents: Government Rijksoverheid. Alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdelingen[Unaccompanied Minor Aliens]. Retrieved April 2017 Available: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/asielbeleid/inhoud/alleenstaande-minderjarigevreemdelingen-amv
Case Law
— Council of State 7 February 2012, ECLI:NL:RVS:2012:BV3716.
Retrieved April 2017 from: https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RVS:2012:BV3716 of State 23 January 2013, 201200110/1/V1. Retrieved April 2017
— District court The Hague, location Amsterdam, 4 April 2014, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2014:10106. Retrieved April 2017 from:
https://www.navigator.nl/document/id59c3bc63e9784026bed8efa7b952f345/ecli-nl-rbdha-2014-10106-rb-den-haag-04-04-2014-nr-awb-12-40166-en-awb-12-4016

Poland
Laws
— Act of 25 February 1964 – Family and Guardianship Code – Ustawaz dnia 25 lutego 1964 r. – Kodeks rodzinny i opiekuńczy (Dz.U. 2020 poz. 1359): http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19640090059/U/D19640059Lj.pdf
— Act of 26 October 1982 on juvenile delinquency proceedings – Ustawa z 26 października 1982 r. o postępowaniu w sprawach nieletnich
(Dz.U. 2018 poz. 969): http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20180000969/T/D20180969L.pdf
— Act of 13 June 2003 on granting protection to foreigners within the territory of the Republic of Poland –Ustawa z 13 czerwca 2003 r. o udzielaniu cudzoziemcom ochrony na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 1666):
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20190001666/U/D20191666Lj.pdf
— Act of 14 July 2006 on the entry into, residence in and departure from the territory of the Republic of Poland of citizens of the European Union Member States and their family members – Ustawa z 14 lipca 2006 r. o wjeździe na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, pobycie oraz wyjeździe z tego terytorium obywateli państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej i członk.w ich rodzin (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 293):
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20190000293/U/D20190293Lj.pdf
— Act of 2 April 2009 on Polish citizenship. Ustawa z dnia 2 kwietnia 2009 r. o obywatelstwie polskim (Dz.U. 2020 poz. 347):
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20200000347/O/D20200347.pdf
— Act of 9 June 2011 on family support and system of foster care – Ustawa z 9 czerwca 2011 r. o wspieraniu rodziny i systemie pieczy zastępczej (Dz.U. 2020 poz. 821):
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20200000821/U/D20200821Lj.pdf
— Act of 12 December 2013 on foreigners –Ustawa z 12 grudnia 2013 r. o cudzoziemcach (Dz.U. 2020 poz. 35):
http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20200000035/U/D20200035Lj.pd

Portugal
Laws
— Portuguese Constitution
https://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx
— Law 37/81
https://dre.pt/web/guest/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/34536975/view?q=lei+37%2F81
— Law 147/99
https://dre.pt/web/guest/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/34542475/view?q=lei147%2F99
— Law Decree 139/1999 https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/124716448/details/normal?q=139%2F2019
— Law Decree 67/2004
https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/211033/details/normal?q=67%2F2004
— Portaria 995/2004
https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/515406/details/normal?q=67%2F2004
— Law 27/2008
https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/456263/details/normal?q=lei+27%2F2008
— Law 23/2007
https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/635814/details/normal?q=lei+23%2F2007
— Other legal references could be found in
https://dre.pt/https://www.pgdlisboa.pt/leis/lei_main.php

Slovenia
Laws
— Family Code (Družinski zakonik – DZ): Uradni list RS, št. 15/17, 21/18 – ZNOrg, 22/19, 67/19 – ZMatR-C, 200/20 – ZOOMTVI – available
at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO7556
— Foreigners Act (Zakon o tujcih – ZTuj-2): Uradni list RS, št. 1/18 – OCV, 9/18 – popr., 62/19 – odl. US – available at: http://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO5761
— International Protection Act (Zakon o mednarodni zaščiti – ZMZ-1): Uradni list RS, št. 16/17 – OVC – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO7103
— Temporary Protection of Displaced Persons Act (Zakon o začasni zaščiti razseljenih oseb – ZZZRO): Uradni list RS, št. 16/17 – available
at: http://pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO4176
— Non-Contentious Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o nepravdnem postopku – ZNP-1): Uradni list RS, no. 16/19 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO7879
— Provision of Foster Care Act (Zakon o izvajanju rejniške dejavnosti –ZIRD): Uradni list RS, št. 110/02, 56/06 – odl. US, 114/06 – ZUTPG,
96/12 – ZPIZ-2, 109/12, 22/19 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO3400
Bylaws
— Decree on Asylum Centre House Rules (Uredba o hišnem redu azilnegadoma): Uradni list RS, št. 24/17 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV12667
— Decree on the House Rules of the Integration House (Uredba o hišnem redu integracijske hiše): Uradni list RS, št. 22/17 – available at:
http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV12670
— Decree on the methods and conditions for ensuring rights of persons enjoying temporary protection (Uredba o načinih in pogojih za zagotavljanje pravic oseb z začasno zaščito): Uradni list RS, št. 31/06 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisaid=URED3926
— Decree on the methods and conditions for ensuring the rights of applicants for international protection (Uredba o načinih in pogo478 jih za zagotavljanje pravic prosilcem za mednarodno zaščito): Uradni list RS, št. 27/17 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisaid=URED7423
— Decree on the methods and conditions for ensuring the rights of persons with international protection (Uredba o načinih in pogojihza zagotavljanje pravic osebam z mednarodno zaščito): Uradnilist RS, št. 72/17 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisaid=URED7189
— Rules on the procedure concerning transferal of persons enjoying temporary protection (Pravilnik o postopku premestitve oseb z začasno
zaščito): Uradni list RS, št. 110/05 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV7114
— Rules on the procedure for aliens who wish to apply for international protection in the Republic of Slovenia and on the procedure for accepting applications for international protection (Pravilnik o postopku s tujcem, ki izrazi namen podati prošnjo za mednarodno zaščito v Republiki Sloveniji, ter postopku sprejema prošnje za mednarodno zaščito): Uradni list RS, št. 29/17 – available at: http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=PRAV12662
Case Law
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia
— U-I-59/17-27, 18 September 2019 – available at: https://www.us-rs.si/media/u-i-59-17.-.odlocba.pdf
Supreme Court of the Republik of Slovenia
— VSRS sodba in sklep I Up 166/2017 (ECLI:SI:VSRS:2019:I. UP.166.2017), 13 March 2019 – available at: http://sodisce.si/vsrs/odlocitve/2015081111428485/
— VSRS sodba I Up 173/2018 (ECLI:SI:VSRS:2019:I.UP.173.2018), 5 February 2019 – available at: http://www.sodisce.si/vsrs/odlocitve/2015081111428791/
— VSRS sklep I Up 176/2017 (ECLI:SI:VSRS:2017:I.UP.176.2017), 6 September 2017 – available at: http://www.sodisce.si/vsrs/odlocitve/2015081111413935/
Administrative Court
— UPRS sodba I U 1022/2018-6 (ECLI:SI:UPRS:2018:I.U.1022.2018.6), 30 May 2018 – available at: http://www.sodnapraksa.si/?q=VSRS%20Sodba%20I%20Up%2010/2018&database[SOVS]=SOVS&database[UPRS]=UPRS&_submit=i%3C0161%3E%3C010D%3Ei&rwsPerPage=20&page=1&moreLikeThis=1&id=doc_2015081111426371
— UPRS sodba I U 2085/2017-37 (ECLI:SI:UPRS:2017:I.U.2085.2017.37), 27 November 2017 – available at: http://www.sodisce.si/usrs/odlocitve/2015081111417011/
— UPRS sodba I U 2452/2018-6 (ECLI:SI:UPRS:2018:I.U.2452.2018.6), 14 December 2018 – available at: http://www.sodisce.si/usrs/odlocitve/2015081111424291/
— UPRS sodba I U 648/2017-11 (ECLI:SI:UPRS:2017:I.U.648.2017.11), 7 June 2017 – available at: http://www.sodisce.si/usrs/odlocitve/2015081111412983

Spain
Laws
— Spanish Civil Code: https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1889/BOE-A-1889-4763-consolidado.pdf [consolidated version]. *English version,
but not fully updated (last updated on 6th October 2015): https://www.mjusticia.gob.es/es/AreaTematica/DocumentacionPublicaciones/Documents/Spanish_Civil_Code_(Codigo_Civil_Espanol).PDF
— Organic Law 4/2000, of January 11th, on rights and freedoms of foreigners in Spain and their social integration: https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2000/BOE-A-2000-544-consolidado.pdf [consolidated version]
— Organic Law 1/1996, of January 15th, on the Legal Protection of Minors:
https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1996/BOE-A-1996-1069-consolidado.pdf [consolidated version]
— Law 14/1986, of April 25th, on General Health: https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1986/BOE-A-1986-10499-consolidado.pdf [consolidated
version]
— Royal Decree 557/2011, of April 20th, which approves the Regulation of Organic Law 4/2000, on rights and freedoms of foreigners in Spain and their social integration, after its reform by Organic Law 2/2009:
https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2011/BOE-A-2011-7703-consolidado.pdf [consolidated version]
— Royal Decree 203/1995, of February 10th, which approves the Regulation for the application of Law 5/1984, of March 26th, regulating
the right to asylum and refugee status: https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1995/BOE-A-1995-5542-consolidado.pdf [consolidated version]
— Frame Protocol on Unaccompanied Foreign Minors: https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2014/BOE-A-2014-10515-consolidado.pdf
Case law
Supreme Court Judgments (in Spanish)
— 23rd September 2014 (453/2014): http://www.poderjudicial.es/search/AN/openDocument/6cd743d2a1312344/20141016
— 24th September 2014 (452/2014): http://www.poderjudicial.es/search/AN/openDocument/2dc1e21d17d362a6/20141016

Case Law
— The Queen (on the Application of AN (a Child) and FA (a Child) v Secretay of State for the Home Department, [2012] EWCA Civ1636, paras 181-183, available at: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2012/1636.html
— TN and MA and AA (Afghanistan) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] UKSC 40 (24 June 2015), available at: https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2015/40.html
— F, R (On the Application Of) v Manchester City Council [2019] EWHC 2998 (Admin) (07 November 2019 – available at: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2019/2998.html
— Behre & Ors, R v Hillingdon London Borough Council [2003] EWHC 2075 (Admin)(HC), available at: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2003/2075.html
— B v London Borough of Merton [2003] EWHC 1689 (Admin), available
at: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2003/1689.html
— R (on the application of FZ acting by his litigation friend Parivash Ghanipour) v Croydon London Borough Council [2011] EWCA Civ 59,
available at: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2011/59.html
— R (on the application of AS (by his litigation friend Francesco Jeff) v Kent County Council (age assessment; dental evidence) [2017] UKUT 446, available at: https://tribunalsdecisions.service.gov.uk/utiac/2017-ukut-446